バートランド・ラッセル『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』11-05- Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954
* 原著:Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954* 邦訳書:バートランド・ラッセル(著),勝部真長・長谷川鑛平(共訳)『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』(玉川大学出版部,1981年7月刊。268+x pp.)
『ヒューマン・ソサエティ』第11章:生産と分配 n.5 |
Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954, chapter 11: Production and Distribution, n.5 | |||
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Although I think justice a means rather than an end, I think that, as a means, it is within limits exceedingly desirable. A very large part of conventional moral teaching is concerned with curbing natural egoism. The prohibition of stealing, the command to love thy neighbour as thyself, the exhortations to self-sacrifice, and the praise of charity, all have this purpose. I am not sure that the traditional moral teaching which had this purpose adopted altogether the best technique, but that is another question. For my part, I am inclined to agree with Jeremy Bentham that the desired result is not likely to be achieved by moral exhortation, but rather by social institutions and a public opinion which make it, as far as possible, to each person’s interest to act as the general interest demands. Bentham, as became his period, was a trifle too rationalistic and external in his devices for bringing about harmony between the public and the private interest. I should allow a larger part than he does to affection, instinctive sympathy, and ambitions that are useful rather than harmful. But I should agree that moral precepts alone are not likely to bring about a good result while the conflict between public and private interests remains sharp and obvious. |